RESILIENCE AND POPULISM: HOW ICELAND NAVIGATES CLIMATE MIGRATION AND DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGES

Abstract

The interplay between climate migration, populism, and democratic governance is an emerging issue that requires attention as environmental crises intensify. Iceland, known for its commitment to socio-sustainability, is now at the forefront of addressing climate-induced migration, a challenge that has the potential to reshape both its social fabric and political landscape. This paper explores Iceland’s approach to managing climate migration while maintaining democratic integrity in the face of rising populist narratives, which often capitalise on fear and uncertainty surrounding migration. Iceland’s resilience-building efforts, which integrate sustainable development, community-driven initiatives, and inclusive governance, serve as a model for responding to climate change-induced pressures. However, the rising number of climate migrants and the associated socio-economic challenges present fertile ground for populist movements to gain traction. By examining Iceland’s policies and initiatives, this paper assesses how the country mitigates the risks of populism while fostering a cohesive and inclusive society. A key focus of this analysis is how Iceland’s democratic institutions and traditions of participatory governance act as counterweights to the divisive rhetoric often employed by populist movements. Through a combination of traditional community values and innovative policy responses, Iceland has managed to address climate migration in ways that reduce social tensions and promote social cohesion, even in the face of potential political polarisation. Furthermore, the paper delves into the potential threats that populism poses to human security and democracy in Iceland, particularly concerning the management of external climate migrants. In examining Iceland’s experience, the paper also considers the lessons other nations can draw from its approach, particularly in Europe and the Arctic. Iceland’s successes and challenges offer valuable insights for countries dealing with similar pressures of environmental stress, migration, and rising populist sentiment.